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101.
《European journal of surgical oncology》2019,45(11):2045-2051
IntroductionThere is a growing interest in physical activity in relation to recovery after surgery. One important aspect of measuring recovery after surgical procedures is postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association between the preoperative level of habitual physical activity and postoperative complications in patients undergoing elective surgery for colorectal cancer.Materials and methods115 patients scheduled for elective surgery due to colorectal cancer between February 2014 and September 2015 answered a questionnaire regarding physical activity and other baseline variables. Physical activity was assessed using the Saltin-Grimby physical activity level scale. Complications within 30 days after surgery were classified according to Clavien-Dindo, and the Comprehensive Complications Index (CCI) was calculated. Primary outcome was difference in CCI and key secondary outcome was risk for CCI ≥20.ResultsPhysically inactive individuals had a CCI that was 12 points higher than individuals with light activity (p = 0.002) and 17 points higher than regularly active individuals (p = 0.0004). Inactive individuals had a relative risk for a CCI ≥20 that was 65% higher than for individuals reporting light activity (95% confidence interval (CI) for relative risk (RR) = 1.1–2.5) and 338% higher than for regularly active individuals (95% CI for RR = 2.1–9.4).ConclusionSelf-assessed level of habitual physical activity before colorectal cancer surgery was associated with fewer postoperative complications measured with CCI, in a dose-response relationship. 相似文献
102.
[目的]分析总结浙江近代著名临床医家邵兰荪治疗痛经的经验,以期为临床治疗提供借鉴。[方法]通过研读裘吉生编《邵氏医案》,筛选出其中治疗痛经的医案十余则,并结合邵氏在妇科方面的学术思想,进一步分析其辨证立法遣方特色,从而总结邵氏治疗痛经的临证经验。[结果]邵氏治疗痛经多从血辨治,且分虚实两端,其中属虚者血虚内热用益母胜金丹养血清热、活血止痛,血虚肝风治以养血柔肝、息风止痛;属实者水结血瘀用五苓散利水散瘀、行气止痛,气阻血滞治从行气活血、调经止痛。[结论]在治疗妇人痛经方面,邵氏辨治遣方确有独特经验,这些经验可为中医药治疗此类疾病拓宽诊治思路,有助于提高临床疗效。 相似文献
103.
目的探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)在日间病房内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)治疗胆总管结石(CBDS)中的安全性、有效性。
方法回顾性分析2015年4月至2018年4月新疆医科大学第一附属医院肝胆包虫科接受ERCP术治疗的CBDS患者211例。其中在2015年4月至2016年3月间接受传统治疗的患者85例,设为传统治疗组;2016年4月至2018年4月间接受ERAS日间治疗的126例,设为ERAS日间组。分析比较两组患者围手术期及随访情况。
结果ERAS日间组患者的首次进食时间、下床活动时间显著早于传统治疗组(P<0.05),平均术后住院时间、医疗费用、口渴/饥饿感、术后恶心呕吐(PONV)发生率、腹胀腹痛发生率及术后3、12 h血清淀粉酶水平明显低于传统治疗组(P<0.05);ERAS日间组患者满意度评分为(96.66±3.39)分,显著高于传统治疗组的(90.25±4.87)分(t=10.54,P<0.05),术后疼痛评分显著低于传统治疗组(z=-5.12,P<0.05)。两组患者无一例30 d内再入院,术后并发症发生率、白细胞计数比较,差异无统计学意义。
结论在ERAS模式下行日间ERCP治疗CBDS是安全可行的,可加快患者康复,减轻术后疼痛,提高患者满意度。 相似文献
104.
目的探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)在肾移植术后静脉补液中的应用。
方法回顾性分析陆军军医大学第一附属医院124例肾移植受者临床资料。根据肾移植术后多尿期每24小时静脉补液量分为3组,A组每24小时静脉补液量2 500~<4 000 mL,术后6 h进食流质;B组每24小时补液量4 000~6 000 mL,肛门排气后进食;C组每24小时补液量>6 000 mL,肛门排气后进食。采用单因素方差分析比较3组受者术后1周中心静脉压(CVP)、心率、血压、尿量和血糖以及平均特护时间、平均住院日和术后1个月血清肌酐。采用χ2检验比较3组受者性别、供肾类型以及术后高血糖、伤口延迟愈合和移植肾功能延迟恢复(DGF)发生率。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
结果A、B和C组受者术后1个月血清肌酐分别为(110±23)、(114±22)和(118±22)μmol/L,差异无统计学意义(F=1.19,P>0.05)。A组受者术后1周CVP、收缩压、尿量和血糖均低于B、C组(P均<0.05),平均特护时间和平均住院日均短于B、C组(P均<0.05)。3组受者术后高血糖和DGF发生率差异均无统计学意义(χ2=4.581和0.404,P均>0.05),A组受者伤口愈合延迟发生率低于C组(χ2=7.303,P<0.017)。仅C组1例受者因心力衰竭和肺水肿死亡。
结论ERAS适用于肾移植受者术后静脉补液策略,鼓励受者尽早饮水进食,在保证血压正常或偏高的情况下,适当减少静脉补液量,有利于减少并发症,促进受者恢复。 相似文献
105.
器官移植术是20世纪出现的针对器官功能衰竭的最有效治疗方法,每年拯救全球超过12万例患者。但供器官短缺的现状,与器官移植技术和辅助药物的发展不匹配,制约了器官移植事业的发展。我国自2015年起已成为全球器官捐献和移植大国之一,2017年公民逝世后器官捐献数量超过5 000例,占全球捐献总量的15%以上。黄洁夫教授总结的器官捐献与移植"中国模式"得到了世界卫生组织、国际移植界的高度重视和充分肯定。本文通过整理全球及各国的器官捐献与移植数据,剖析全球现状与发展趋势,进一步探索我国公民器官捐献的影响因素并提出针对性的应对策略,以期实现我国器官捐献和移植的"自给自足"。 相似文献
106.
107.
Maheen Islam Mridul Mazumder Derek Schwabe-Warf Yannick Stephan Angelina R. Sutin Antonio Terracciano 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2019,20(2):131-137
Objective
To examine changes in personality in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia as observed by family members using both new data and a meta-analysis with the published literature.Design
Current and retrospective personality assessments of individuals with dementia by family informants. PubMed was searched for studies with a similar design and a forward citation tracking was conducted using Google Scholar in June 2018. Results from a new sample and from published studies were combined in a random effect meta-analysis.Setting and participants
Family members of older adults with MCI or dementia.Measures
The 5 major dimensions (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and facets of personality were assessed with NEO Personality Inventory questionnaires.Results
The new sample (n = 50) and meta-analysis (18 samples; n = 542) found consistent shifts in personality from the premorbid to current state in patients with cognitive impairment. The largest changes (>1 standard deviation) were declines in conscientiousness (particularly for the facets of self-discipline and competence) and extraversion (decreased energy and assertiveness), as well as increases in neuroticism (increased vulnerability to stress). The new sample suggested that personality changes were larger in individuals taking cognition-enhancing medications (cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine). More recent studies and those that examined individuals with MCI found smaller effects.Conclusions and implications
Consistent with the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of dementia, the new study and meta-analysis found replicable evidence for large changes in personality among individuals with dementia. Future research should examine whether there are different patterns of personality changes across etiologies of dementia to inform differential diagnosis and treatments. Prospective, repeated assessments of personality using both self- and informant-reports are essential to clarify the temporal evolution of personality change across the preclinical, prodromal, and clinical phases of dementia. 相似文献108.
J.P. Darche Megan J. Murray Kristina M. Bridges Joe Noland K. Allen Greiner 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(4):484-487
Objectives
Professional athletes undergo annual pre-season laboratory screening, although clinical evidence supporting the practice is limited and no uniform set of guidelines on pre-season laboratory screening exists. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical value of annual pre-season laboratory screening tests for a major professional sports team over multiple years.Design
Retrospective chart review.Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed of all laboratory results as well as screening ECGs for a single major professional sports team over a 9-year timeframe (2009–2017).Results
The data show that 10.01% of initial screening test results were abnormal and 40.32% of abnormal tests resulted in additional testing. Overall, only 0.35% of initial tests resulted in a clinically significant outcome. Non-US born players showed a significantly higher average rate of abnormal tests/year compared to US-born players (p-value 0.006), but there was no difference in clinically significant outcomes. There was no relationship between athlete age and laboratory screening outcomes.Conclusions
In our study population, yearly pre-season laboratory screening of professional athletes did not yield substantial clinically significant outcomes and would not be warranted under normal clinical standards. Future best practice guidelines should combine research concerning effects of family medical history, race, gender, country of origin, and type of sport on athlete health when creating recommendations for which pre-season laboratory screenings may be pertinent even with evidence of little utility. 相似文献109.
Robert K. Horsley Juliana M. Kling Suneela Vegunta Roxanne Lorans H’hamed Temkit Bhavika K. Patel 《Journal of the American College of Radiology》2019,16(2):164-169
Objectives
Studies have shown that having a baseline mammogram, the first screening mammogram, available for comparison at the time of interpreting a subsequent mammogram significantly decreases the potential of a false-positive examination. Our aim was to evaluate knowledge of and perception about the significance of baseline mammograms in those women undergoing screening mammography.Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional prospective survey study was conducted in women without a history of breast cancer presenting for their screening mammogram. Respondents were surveyed anonymously between March and April 2017. The questionnaire was developed by primary care providers and radiologists and pretested for readability and clarity.Results
In all, 401 women (87% white, 93% educated beyond high school) completed surveys in which 77% of women reported having yearly mammograms, 31% reported having a history of an abnormal mammogram, and 45% had not heard the term baseline mammogram. Of those who had heard the term, the most commonly reported source was their primary care provider (31%). Although 74% chose the correct definition of a baseline mammogram, 67% did not think that a baseline mammogram was important for decreasing associated cost, time, and discomfort due to the number of mammograms incorrectly read as abnormal.Conclusion
In a group of educated women who routinely get mammograms, almost one-half had not heard the term baseline mammogram. Furthermore, most women did not think baseline mammography was important for decreasing associated cost, time, and discomfort due to mammograms incorrectly read as abnormal. This study suggests that efforts to improve women’s understanding of baseline mammograms and their importance are warranted, with greatest opportunity for health care providers and radiologists. 相似文献110.
目的构建适用于肝胆外科的加速康复评价指标体系,为加速康复外科实施效果提供评价工具。方法在零缺陷管理理论基础上,通过文献查阅、德尔菲专家咨询法构建肝胆外科加速康复评价指标体系。结果 2轮问卷回收率均为100%,专家权威系数分别为0.920、0.919。经过2轮专家咨询,最终构建的肝胆外科加速康复评价指标体系包括3个一级指标,8个二级指标,39个三级指标;指标重要性评分均4分,变异系数0~0.166;并确定各级指标权重。结论肝胆外科加速康复评价指标体系构建合理,有较好的可信度,经验证后可作为肝胆外科加速康复质量评价工具。 相似文献